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Item The feasibility and reliability of measuring forearm muscle thickness by ultrasound in a geriatric inpatient setting: a cross‑sectional pilot study(BMC Geriatrics, 2022-02-18) Meza‑Valderrama , Delky; Sanchez‑ Rodriguez, Dolores; Perkisas, Stany; Duran, Xavi; Bastijns, Sophie; Davalos‑Yerovi, Vanesa; Da Costa, Elizabeth; Marco, EsterAbstract Background: Given the potential benefits of introducing ultrasound in the clinical assessment of muscle disorders, this study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of measuring forearm muscle thickness by ultrasound in a geriatric clinical setting. Methods: Cross-sectional pilot study in 25 participants (12 patients aged ≥ 70 years in an acute geriatric ward and 13 healthy volunteers aged 25–50 years), assessed by three raters. Muscle thickness measurement was estimated as the distance between the subcutaneous adipose tissue-muscle interface and muscle-bone interface of the radius at 30% proximal of the distance between the styloid process and distal insertion of the biceps brachii muscle of the dominant forearm. Examinations were repeated three times by each rater and intra- and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Feasibility analysis included consideration of technological, economic, legal, operational, and scheduling (TELOS) components. Results: Mean muscle-thickness measurement difference between groups was 4.4 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4 mm to 6.3 mm], p < 0.001). Intra-rater reliability of muscle-thickness assessment was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.947 (95%CI 0.902 to 0.974), 0.969 (95%CI 0.942 to 0.985), and 0.950 (95%CI 0.907 to 0.975) for observer A, B, and C, respectively. Inter-rater comparison showed good agreement (ICC of 0.873 [95%CI 0.73 to 0.94]). Four of the 17 TELOS components considered led to specific recommendations to improve the procedure’s feasibility in clinical practice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that US is a feasible tool to assess the thickness of the forearm muscles with good inter-rater and excellent intra-rater reliability in a sample of hospitalized geriatric patients, making it a promising option for use in clinical practice.Item Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Shows Muscle Mass Changes during Post-Acute Care Hospitalization in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI, 2022-11-17) Meza-Valderrama, Delky; Marco, Ester; Muñoz-Redondo, Elena; Morgado-Pérez , Andrea; Tejero Sánchez, Marta; Curbelo Peña , Yulibeth; De Jaime, Elisabeth; Canchucaja, Lizzeth; Meza Concepción, Frank; Perkisas, Stany; Sánchez-Rodríguez, DoloresThis study aimed to prospectively assess changes in muscle thickness (MT) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the rectus femoris (RF) muscle in a cohort of older adults, using musculoskeletal ultrasound at admission and at a 2-week follow-up during hospitalization in a post-acute care unit. Differences in frailty status and correlations of MT-RF and CSA-RF with current sarcopenia diagnostic criteria were also studied. Forty adults aged 79.5 (SD 9.5) years (57.5% women) participated, including 14 with frailty and 26 with pre-frailty. In the first week follow-up, men had a significant increase in MT (0.9 mm [95%CI 0.3 to 1.4], p = 0.003) and CSA (0.4 cm2 [95%CI 0.1 to 0.6], p = 0.007). During the second week, men continued to have a significant increase in MT (0.7 mm [95%CI 0.0 to 1.4], p = 0.036) and CSA (0.6 cm2 [95%CI 0.01 to 1.2], p = 0.048). Patients with frailty had lower values of MT-RF and CSA-RF at admission and during the hospitalization period. A moderate-to-good correlation of MT-RF and CSA with handgrip strength, fat-free mass and gait speed was observed. Musculoskeletal ultrasound was able to detect MT-RF and CSA-RF changes in older adults admitted to a post-acute care unit.Item Patrones de marcha en pacientes con parálisis cerebral según su función motora gruesa(Revista Colombiana de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, 2021-11-19) Norma Ortiz Agurto; Edgar Arosemena Miranda; Virginia Rodríguez Barakat; Ixora Reyes GuerreroIntroducción. La parálisis cerebral (PC) puede causar alteraciones neuromusculoesqueléticas complejas que afectan la función motora y, por consiguiente, el patrón de marcha. Objetivo. Identificar los patrones de marcha en pacientes pediátricos con PC tipo hemiparesia espástica y diparesia espástica según su compromiso motor grueso. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 79 pacientes pediátricos con edades entre los 5 y los 18 años, quienes fueron seleccionados de la base de datos del Laboratorio para el Análisis Computarizado de la Marcha y atendidos entre 2017 y 2019. Se utilizó la cinemática articular de cada paciente para clasificar los patrones de marcha según los criterios de Rodda y colaboradores y el Sistema de la Clasificación de la Función Motora Gruesa (GMFCS) de Palisano. Resultados. 30 pacientes fueron clasificados en el grupo de hemiparesia espástica y 49 en el de diparesia espástica. El 50% de la muestra con hemiparesia espástica y el 38,7% con diparesia espástica no lograron ser clasificados usando los patrones de marcha de Rodda y colaborado- res. En el grupo de hemiparesia espástica, en los niveles GMFCS I y GMFCS II prevaleció el patrón de marcha Tipo 1 (80%). En el grupo de diparesia espástica, el nivel GMFCS I no presentó patrón prevalente, en el nivel GMFCS II predominó el patrón equino aparente (66,7%) y en el nivel GMFCS III prevalecieron en igual proporción los patrones marcha agazapada (37,5%) y marcha en salto (37,5%). Conclusión. Los patrones de marcha de los pacientes analizados variaron en los diferentes niveles de compromiso motor y no siempre pudieron ser clasificados mediante los patrones de Rodda y colaboradores, lo que apunta a la existencia de patrones de marcha que pudieran corresponderse con nuevos sistemas de clasificación basados en patrones cinemáticos.Item Sarcopenia, Malnutrition, and Cachexia: Adapting Definitions and Terminology of Nutritional Disorders in Older People with Cancer(Nutrients-MDPI, 2021-02-26) Delky Meza-Valderrama; Ester Marco; Vanesa Dávalos-Yerovi; Maria Dolors Muns; Marta Tejero-Sánchez; Esther Duarte; Dolores Sánchez-RodríguezAbstract: The recent publication of the revised Consensus on definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria changed the approach to research on sarcopenia and malnutrition. Whilst sarcopenia is a nutrition-related disease, malnutrition and cachexia are nutritional disorders sharing the common feature of low fat-free mass. However, they have differential characteristics and etiologies, as well as specific therapeutic approaches. Applying the current definitions in clinical practice is still a challenge for health professionals and the potential for misdiagnosis is high. This is of special concern in the subgroup of older people with cancer, in which sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cancer cachexia are highly prevalent and can overlap or occur separately. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of the latest research and consensus definitions of sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cachexia and to discuss their implications for clinical practice in older patients with cancer. The overall aim is to improve the quality of nutritional care in light of the latest findings. Keywords: sarcopenia; malnutrition; cachexia; cancer; muscle mass; older people.